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Jesus in the Talmud
Ebook Free Jesus in the Talmud
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Scattered throughout the Talmud, the founding document of rabbinic Judaism in late antiquity, can be found quite a few references to Jesus--and they're not flattering. In this lucid, richly detailed, and accessible book, Peter Schäfer examines how the rabbis of the Talmud read, understood, and used the New Testament Jesus narrative to assert, ultimately, Judaism's superiority over Christianity. The Talmudic stories make fun of Jesus' birth from a virgin, fervently contest his claim to be the Messiah and Son of God, and maintain that he was rightfully executed as a blasphemer and idolater. They subvert the Christian idea of Jesus' resurrection and insist he got the punishment he deserved in hell--and that a similar fate awaits his followers. Schäfer contends that these stories betray a remarkable familiarity with the Gospels--especially Matthew and John--and represent a deliberate and sophisticated anti-Christian polemic that parodies the New Testament narratives. He carefully distinguishes between Babylonian and Palestinian sources, arguing that the rabbis' proud and self-confident countermessage to that of the evangelists was possible only in the unique historical setting of Persian Babylonia, in a Jewish community that lived in relative freedom. The same could not be said of Roman and Byzantine Palestine, where the Christians aggressively consolidated their political power and the Jews therefore suffered. A departure from past scholarship, which has played down the stories as unreliable distortions of the historical Jesus, Jesus in the Talmud posits a much more deliberate agenda behind these narratives.
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Product details
Paperback: 232 pages
Publisher: Princeton University Press; 7/25/09 edition (September 13, 2009)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0691143188
ISBN-13: 978-0691143187
Product Dimensions:
6.2 x 0.8 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 11.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.9 out of 5 stars
34 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#95,575 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Schafer's somewhat masterful discussion of the Jesus in the two Talmuds is refreshing in that doesn't pull punches nor allow for purely antisemitic spin to put on the polemics against Jesus in the Talmud, particularly the Balvi. Mostly scholarly discussion of the Talmud prior the 20th century played up and decontextualized anti-Christian rhetoric in the Talmud whereas much of the scholar after the Shoah downplayed the differences. While it is clear that some classical Rabbis did not see Christians as idolaters, the Rabbis of the Talmud engaged in extended polemics against Jesus, particularly as portrayed in the Gospel of John. The references in the Yerushalemi (the Jerusalem Talmud) are more contained and cryptic, but Schafer makes a strong argument that they are there and it is largely Roman rule in Jerusalem that led to references being downplayed whereas the political context of Zoroastrian empires and their intense competition with Rome gave the post-exilic Rabbis more freedom to express anti-Christian polemic openly. Schafer does, however, put these problems in context and also does not hide the particularly anti-Jewish/Pharisee elements in the Gospel of John, which seems clearly if indirectly, the source for a lot of the Balvi's inversions of Christian tradition. Furthermore, Schafer shows that Celsus and early church fathers such as Justin Martyr fought against similar polemics to that in the Balvi in pagan sources. While Schafer points out that this is not evidence of historicity, it shows clear trends in counter-Christian polemics. Christians will find this slanderous: calling Mary licentious, Jesus a magician and corruptor of Rabbis out of Egypt, and seeing him depicted in the afterlife in his excrement, and one of the few who damned as opposed to merely annihilated in Jewish thought is clear. However, Schafer also shows how deeply counter to Jewish tradition, not just Pharisees but even to Temple Judaism, many of the claims of Christianity would have seemed, particularly, once again, as stated in the Gospel of John. While it won't make either side particularly comfortable, I think this is important book for understanding the early tensions and mutual development between Jews and Christians after the exile and destruction of the Temple fundamentally changed the Jewish milieu.
This was an excellent book! Shafer includes every possible reference to Jesus, but also sets them in their historical context. They were written after the Gospels. In addition to this, there is a difference between the references in the Palestinian Talmud, and Babylonian Talmud. If we look at what was happening in each specific region, these differences make sense.The basic thesis of this book is that the Talmudic references are a reaction to the growing church. They reveal knowledge of the written accounts in the Gospels (not direct knowledge of Jesus), and are a counter-narrative.These stories preserved the authority of rabbi's, by rejecting the authority of Jesus. In other words, they served to draw the line on orthodoxy (apologetic purposes).Here is where their historic value comes into play: not by shedding light on the historic Jesus, but showing differences in Palestine and Babylon. Jews in Palestine had to refrain from writing anti-Christian polemics due to Constantine's conversion to Christianity. But the Jews in Babylon did not. They lived in another empire. And this empire persecuted the Christians. Hence the freedom to write anti-Christian polemics.Shafer's thesis is compelling, especially when the Palestinian & Babylonian Talmud's are set against the light of politics happening around them. When we look at Justin Martyr's defense against a rabbi, Origin's rebuttal against the pagan Celsus (who picked up stories from Jewish apologists), and Tertullians writings --- we gain additional evidence these stories were written to counter the claims in the Gospels.In light of their late date, and their propogandistic purposes --- they have little value in unwrapping the historical Jesus. But they do shed light on the formation of post-Temple Judaism, and Christianity's divergence from it.
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